MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the PARENT COMPANY of MML Investors Services LLC

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the MEMBER of Oppenheimerfunds Inc

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the SHAREHOLDER 8: SHAREHOLDER OF SHAREHOLDER 7 of Baring International Investment Ltd

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the SHAREHOLDER OF MASSMUTUAL HOLDING LLC of Barings LLC

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the MEMBER of OFI Global Institutional Inc

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the PARENT COMPANY of Mmlisi Financial Alliances LLC

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the SOLE SHAREHOLER OF MASSMUTUAL HOLDING LLC of Barings Global Advisers Limited

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the MEMBER of OFI Global Asset Management Inc

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns more than 50% but less than 75% and is the MEMBER, CLASS A AND B of Jefferies Finance LLC

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the MEMBER of OFI Steelpath Inc

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY owns 75% or more and is the MEMBER of MML Investment Advisers LLC

• MML Investors Services LLC

  1295 STATE STREET,
      SPRINGFIELD, MA

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• Oppenheimerfunds Inc

  225 LIBERTY STREET, 11TH FLOOR,
      NEW YORK, NY

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• Baring International Investment Ltd

  20 OLD BAILEY,
      LONDON,

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• Barings LLC

  300 S. TRYON STREET, SUITE 2500
      CHARLOTTE, NC

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• OFI Global Institutional Inc

  225 LIBERTY STREET, 11TH FLOOR,
      NEW YORK, NY

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• Mmlisi Financial Alliances LLC

  1295 STATE STREET,
      SPRINGFIELD, MA

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• Barings Global Advisers Limited

  20 OLD BAILEY,
      LONDON,

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• OFI Global Asset Management Inc

  225 LIBERTY STREET, 11TH FLOOR,
      NEW YORK, NY

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• Jefferies Finance LLC

  520 MADISON AVENUE, 16TH FLOOR
      NEW YORK, NY

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• OFI Steelpath Inc

  2100 MCKINNEY AVENUE, SUITE 1401,
      DALLAS, TX

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• MML Investment Advisers LLC

  100 BRIGHT MEADOW BOULEVARD,
      ENFIELD, CT

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